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George Berkeley An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision

Psychology
English
26436 Words
Ages 8 and up
288
2

George Berkeley was an Anglo-Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others). This theory denies the existence of material substance and instead contends that familiar objects like tables and chairs are only ideas in the minds of perceivers, and as a result cannot exist without being perceived. Berkeley is also known for his critique of abstraction, an important premise in his argument for immaterialism. His first major work, An Essay towards a New Theory of Vision, in which he discussed the limitations of human vision and advanced the theory that the proper objects of sight are not material objects, but light and color. This foreshadowed his chief philosophical work A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge. [more]

Keywords: an essay, toward a new theory, of vision, philosophy, psychology, george berkeley, idealism, perceptions

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George Eliot Middlemarch (Annotated)

Complete Eight Books

Fiction
English
316833 Words
Ages 6 and up
435
0

Middlemarch: Complete Eight Books By George Eliot, first published in 1874. Mary Ann Evans (1819–1880, also "Mary Anne" or "Marian"), known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist, journalist, translator and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. Middlemarch, is her seventh novel, begun in 1869 and then put aside during the final illness of Thornton Lewes, the son of her companion George Henry Lewes. During the following year Eliot resumed work, fusing together several stories into a coherent whole, and during 1871–72 the novel appeared in serial form. The first one-volume edition was published in 1874, and attracted large sales. The novel is set in the fictitious Midlands town of Middlemarch during the period 1830–32. It has multiple plots with a large cast of characters, and in addition to its distinct though interlocking narratives it pursues a number of underlying themes, including the status of women, the nature of marriage, idealism and self-interest, religion and hypocrisy, political reform, and education. [more]

Keywords: George Eliot, Middlemarch, Study Provincial Life, Education, Political Reform, Idealism, Marriage, Status of Women, Mary Anne Evans, Novel Social Criticism, Literature, Fiction, Rosamond Vincy, Dorothea Brooke

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Peter Jalesh My Uncle Bill and his Love Everest

Fiction
English
114194 Words
No Age Recommendation
413
0

Uncle Bill tried to break his prosaic life by designing a sky-high illusion that he’d be able to reach the Mount Everest’s peak – alone – and come back home safe and sound. If I want to bring about my past I’d have to choose one event, any one, and let your past roll from there. I could start for instance by imagining the farm house in which I spent my childhood. I wouldn’t be able to make it through my memories without that beautiful house. In the morning the porch floor and the banisters were always wet with dew so I had to walk prudently from a point to the next. I could still see the Estonian hawk landing graciously on the porch pillar. He used to eat with us. There were no other hawks around here. He'd fly off the porch once we finished our Sunday lunch. He knows that we saved the leftovers for somebody else, which in our case are our pigs. In our farm we raise pigs [more]

Keywords: idealism, strugle to attain the life highest peak, romantism, idealism, life as an interrupted running an climbing up, love

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George Berkeley A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge

Philosophy
English
36872 Words
Ages 8 and up
403
2

A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge is a work by Anglo-Irish Empiricist philosopher George Berkeley. This book largely seeks to refute the claims made by his contemporary John Locke about the nature of human perception. Whilst, like all the Empiricist philosophers, both Locke and Berkeley agreed that we were having experiences, regardless of whether material objects exist or not. The world which caused the ideas one has within one's mind, Berkeley sought to prove that the outside world was also composed solely of ideas. Berkeley did this by suggesting that "Ideas can only resemble Ideas" - the mental ideas that we possessed could only resemble other ideas (not physical objects) and thus the external world consisted not of physical form, but rather of ideas. This world was given logic and regularity by some other force, which Berkeley concluded was God. Berkeley declared that his intention was to make an inquiry into the First Principles of Human Knowledge in order to discover the principles that have led to doubt, uncertainty, absurdity, and contradiction in philosophy. In order to prepare the reader, he discussed two topics that lead to errors. First, he claimed that the mind cannot conceive abstract ideas. We can't have an idea of some abstract thing that is common to many particular ideas and therefore has, at the same time, many different predicates and no predicates. Second, Berkeley declared that words, such as names, do not signify abstract ideas. With regard to ideas, he asserted that we can only think of particular things that have been perceived. Names, he wrote, signify general ideas, not abstract ideas. General ideas represent any one of several particular ideas. Berkeley criticized Locke for saying that words signify general, but abstract, ideas. At the end of his Introduction, he advised the reader to let his words engender clear, particular ideas instead of trying to associate them with non–existent abstractions. [more]

Keywords: a treatise, concerning the principles of, george berkeley, philosophy, epistemology, metaphysics, idealism

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David Hume An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

Philosophy
English
53549 Words
Ages 8 and up
278
2

An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding is a book by the Scottish empiricist philosopher David Hume. This book has proven highly influential, both in the years that would immediately follow and today. Immanuel Kant points to it as the book which woke him from his self-described "dogmatic slumber". The argument of the Enquiry proceeds by a series of incremental steps, separated into chapters which logically succeed one another. After expounding his epistemology, Hume explains how to apply his principles to specific topics. I. Of the Different Species of Philosophy II. Of the Origin of Ideas III. Of the Association of Ideas IV. Sceptical Doubts Concerning the Operations of the Understanding V. Sceptical Solution of these Doubts VI. Of Probability VII. Of the Idea of Necessary Connexion VIII. Of Liberty and Necessity IX. Of the Reason of Animals X. Of Miracles XI. Of a Particular Providence and of a Future State XII. Of the Academical or Sceptical Philosophy [more]

Keywords: an enquiry, concerning human understanding, david hume, philosophy, idealism, scepticism, empiricism, epistemology

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John Fiske The Unseen World and Other Essays

Philosophy
English
99267 Words
No Age Recommendation
254
2

"What are you, where did you come from, and whither are you bound?"—the question which from Homer's days has been put to the wayfarer in strange lands—is likewise the all-absorbing question which man is ever asking of the universe of which he is himself so tiny yet so wondrous a part. From the earliest times the ultimate purpose of all scientific research has been to elicit fragmentary or partial responses to this question, and philosophy has ever busied itself in piecing together these several bits of information according to the best methods at its disposal, in order to make up something like a satisfactory answer. In old times the best methods which philosophy had at its disposal for this purpose were such as now seem very crude, and accordingly ancient philosophers bungled considerably in their task, though now and then they came surprisingly near what would to-day be called the truth. [more]

Keywords: the unseen world, and other essays, john fiske, metaphysics, spirituality, philosophy, idealism

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Dhanka Shein Glyph Soddy’s Midnight Chronicles

Language & Literature
English
6105 Words
Ages 18 and up
0
0

Dhanka Shein's long-awaited follow-up to her debut volume, Atonal Minor, adds to the image of this writer's integrity with its strong sonic qualities and extravagant, but never indulgent, verse architectures in the service of serious intellectual concerns. By turns as machine-gun witted and caustic as one of her dedicatees, Lenny Bruce, then as vulnerable and fluid as the writings of O'Har, Shein also manages the turn from the personal to the civic. Each of the poems are performances, sometimes metrically baroque and syncopated, sometimes extending from a basal mucosa unit, managing wide variations without straying from a one-or-two word line. Shein runs the poems through enough “attitude” to make even the punctuation marks mercenaries in a march on capital. Glyph Soddy’s Midnight Chronicles is a digital sullying, putrefying, and deflowering of the white page of Mallarmé, its colors and indentations (though not its text) entirely determined by taming the Herculean vomit of Heteroglossia language to facilitate reading. [more]

Keywords: L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E, feminism, marxism, Politics, sex, death, sexuality, emotions, ideology, social structures, inertia, idealism, organic

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Santosh Jha Youth Sanity In Crazy Culture

Self-Help
English
14498 Words
Ages 10 and up
57
0

In contemporary culture of hypocrisy, conflict and confusion, where even adults are in a flux over benchmarks of [more]

Keywords: Sanity, life aesthetics, populism, cultural hypocrisy, dualism of idealism, prudence and proportion, leadership, mechanisms, markets and media, evolution, male-female bonding, mechanism of sexuality, deciphering patterns, life-living excellence, consciousness, systemic neutrality, poise and psychosis, life goals, optimizing potential [more][Less]

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Anatole France The Gods Will Have Blood

History
English
75536 Words
No Age Recommendation
520
2

The Gods Will Have Blood a novel by Anatole France. It is a fictional story set during the French Revolution. The story of the infernal rise of Évariste Gamelin, a young Parisian painter, involved in the section for his neighborhood of Pont-Neuf, it describes the dark years of the reign the Reign of Terror in Paris. The long, blind train of speedy trials drags this idealist into a madness that cuts off the heads of his nearest and dearest, and hastens his own fall as well as that of his mentor Robespierre His love affair with the young watercolor-seller Élodie Blaise heightens the terrible contrast between the butcher-in-training and the man who shows himself to be quite ordinary in his daily life. Justifying this dance of the guillotine by the fight against the plot to wipe out the gains of the Revolution Gamelin is thirsty for justice, but also uses his power to satisfy his own vengeance and his hatred for those who do not think like him. The long, blind train of speedy trials drags this idealist into a madness that cuts off the heads of his nearest and dearest, and hastens his own fall as well as that of his mentor Robespierre in the aftermath of the Thermidorian Reaction. His love affair with the young watercolor-seller Élodie Blaise heightens the terrible contrast between the butcher-in-training and the man who shows himself to be quite ordinary in his daily life. Justifying this dance of the guillotine by the fight against the plot to wipe out the gains of the Revolution, in the midst of the revolutionary turmoil that traverses Paris, Gamelin is thirsty for justice, but also uses his power to satisfy his own vengeance and his hatred for those who do not think like him. He dies by that same instrument of justice that up until then has served to satisfy his own thirst for blood and terror. Gamelin's profession of painter also reflects on the book's theme. His best work is a depiction of Orestes and Electra, with Orestes resembling a self-portrait of the artist; Gamelin, like Orestes, is capable of killing his family. Élodie later comes to be identified with Electra - though, in her affair with Gamelin, where she loves him first for his mercy and then for his violence, and takes a less radical lover after he dies, she also represents France. [more]

Keywords: the gods will have blood, the gods are athirst, human sacrifice, anatole france, historical fiction, revolutionary novel, the french revolution, idealism and insanity, the reigh of terror, modern political literature, politics and history

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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Wissenschaft Der Logik, Erster Teil (fiscle part-III)

Fiction
German
195597 Words
Ages 18 and up
10
3

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (German: [ˈɡeɔɐ̯k ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈheːɡəl]; August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a [more]

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