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Frederick Engels The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844

History
English
116181 Words
No Age Recommendation
295
0

The Condition of the Working Class in England is one of the best-known works of Friedrich Engels. Originally written in German as Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England, it is a study of the working class in Victorian England. It was also Engels' first book, written during his stay in Manchester from 1842 to 1844. Manchester was then at the very heart of the Industrial Revolution, and Engels compiled his study from his own observations and detailed contemporary reports. Engels argues that the Industrial Revolution made workers worse off. He shows, for example, that in large industrial cities mortality from disease, as well as death-rates for workers were higher than in the countryside. In cities like Manchester and Liverpool mortality from smallpox, measles, scarlet fever and whooping cough was four times as high as in the surrounding countryside, and mortality from convulsions was ten times as high as in the countryside. The overall death-rate in Manchester and Liverpool was significantly higher than the national average (one in 32.72 and one in 31.90 and even one in 29.90, compared with one in 45 or one in 46). An interesting example shows the increase in the overall death-rates in the industrial town of Carlisle where before the introduction of mills (1779–1787), 4,408 out of 10,000 children died before reaching the age of five, and after their introduction the figure rose to 4,738. Before the introduction of mills, 1,006 out of 10,000 adults died before reaching 39 years old, and after their introduction the death rate rose to 1,261 out of 10,000. [more]

Keywords: The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844, Frederick Engels

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Manfred Ehmer Ralph Waldo Emerson, Politics (1844)

Philosophy
German
5182 Words
Ages 18 and up
0
0

In seinen brillanten Essays hat der amerikanische Philosoph Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882) das Ethos eines heroischen Individualismus entfaltet. Emersons unerschütterlicher Glaube an die Macht des Individuums führte ihn zu entsprechenden Ansichten über Staat und Politik. Er glaubte, dass eine ideale Regierung nur die Aufgabe habe, die Rechte und das Wachstum des Individuums zu schützen, und dass sie sich letztendlich von allein auflöse, wenn die Verbesserung des menschlichen Charakters durch Liebe und Weisheit den Staat allmählich überflüssig mache. Der Einzelne wäre erst dann für die Demokratie bereit, wenn er völlig unabhängig und ganz auf sich gestellt wäre. Die Intelligenz würde über Geschäfts-interessen und Politik triumphieren, denn der Geist ist das reichste Gut, das man haben kann. Sein Essay Politics (1844) wird in vorliegendem E-Book auszugsweise veröffentlicht, hier erstmals in deutscher Übersetzung. [more]

Keywords: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Politik, Essays, transzendentales Selbstbewusstsein, libertär, Nonkonformismus, Henry David Thoreau, Staat, Demokratie, Regierun g, Individuum

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Emanuel Geibel Deutsche Klagen vom Jahr 1844

Poetry
German
1041 Words
No Age Recommendation
126
0

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Various Non Blackwood'S Edinburgh Magazine -- Vol. 56, No. 346, August, 1844

Foreign Language Study
English
95533 Words
Ages 18 and up
2
0

There Are Those Persons Now Living Who Would Give Their Own Weight In Sovereigns, Though Drawing Against Thirteen [more]

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Various Non Blackwood'S Edinburgh Magazine -- Vol. 56, No. 346, August, 1844

Foreign Language Study
English
95538 Words
Ages 18 and up
2
0

There Are Those Persons Now Living Who Would Give Their Own Weight In Sovereigns, Though Drawing Against Thirteen [more]

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Various None Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine -- Volume 55, No. 340, February, 1844

Short Story
English
99483 Words
Ages 18 and up
2
0

[1] _The Heretic_. Translated From The Russian Of Lajetchnikoff. By T.B. Shaw, B.A. Of Cambridge. In Three Volumes. It Is Now About Three Centuries Since Richard Chancellor, Pilot-Major Of The Fleet Which, Under The Command Of Sir Hugh Willoughby, And By The Advice Of Sebastian Cabot, Set Out To Discover A North-East Passage To China, Carried His Ship, The Edward Bonaventura, Into Archangel. [more]

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Various None Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, No. 341, March, 1844, Vol. 55

Short Story
English
90546 Words
Ages 18 and up
2
0

From The Various Circumstances Of Our Day, The Impression Is Powerfully Made Upon Intelligent Men In Europe, That Some Extraordinary Change Is About To Take Place In The General Condition Of Mankind. A New Ardour Of Human Intercourse Seems To Be Spreading Through All Nations. Europe Has Laid Aside Her Perpetual Wars, And Seems To Be Assuming A _Habit_ Of Peace. Even France, Hitherto The Most Belligerent Of European Nations, Is Evidently Abandoning The Passion For Conqest, And Begining To Exert Her Fine Powers In The Cultivation Of Commerce. All The Nations Of Europe Are Either Following Her Example, Or Sending Out Colonies Of Greater Or Less Magnitude, To Fill The Wild Portions Of The World. Regions Hitherto Utterly Neglected, And Even Scarcely Known, Are Becoming Objects Of Enlightened Regard; And Mankind, In Every Quarter, Is Approaching, With Greater Or Less Speed, To That Combined Interest And Mutual Intercourse, Which Are The First Steps To The True Possession Of The Globe. [more]

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Various None Blackwood'S Edinburgh Magazine, No. 341, March, 1844, Vol. 56

Study Aids
English
95081 Words
Ages 18 and up
2
1

Ethiopia[1] [1] _The Highlands Of Ethiopa._ By Major W. Cornwallis Harris, H.E. I.C. Engineers. 3 Vols. From The Various Circumstances Of Our Day, The Impression Is Powerfully Made Upon Intelligent Men In Europe, That Some Extraordinary Change Is About To Take Place In The General Condition Of Mankind. A New Ardour Of Human Intercourse Seems To Be Spreading Through All Nations. Europe Has Laid Aside Her Perpetual Wars, And Seems To Be Assuming A _Habit_ Of Peace. Even France, Hitherto The Most Belligerent Of European Nations, Is Evidently Abandoning The Passion For Conqest, And Begining To Exert Her Fine Powers In The Cultivation Of Commerce. All The Nations Of Europe Are Either Following Her Example, Or Sending Out Colonies Of Greater Or Less Magnitude, To Fill The Wild Portions Of The World. Regions Hitherto Utterly Neglected, And Even Scarcely Known, Are Becoming Objects Of Enlightened Regard; And Mankind, In Every Quarter, Is Approaching, With Greater Or Less Speed, To That Combined Interest And Mutual Intercourse, Which Are The First Steps To The True Possession Of The Globe. [more]

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various authors Blackwood'S Edinburgh Magazine -- Vol. 56, No. 346, August, 1844

Antiques & Collectibles
English
86279 Words
Ages 18 and up
3
1

This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curated for quality. Quality assurance was conducted on each of these books in an attempt to remove books with imperfections introduced by the digitization process. Though we have made best efforts - the books may have occasional errors that do not impede the reading experience. We believe this work is culturally important and have elected to bring the book back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. [more]

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Not Available Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, No. Cccxlv. July, 1844. Vol. LVI

History
English
84517 Words
Ages 18 and up
2
0

If The Past Increase And Present Amount Of Crime In [more]

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